World Development Report 2021

Figure S3.1.1 visualizes the huge potential of open data. The figure centers on 500 firms based in the United States. It reveals widespread private-sector use
of publicly available federal government data, though data from some agencies are used more than from others. Figure S3.1.1 also reveals that companies from some sectors rely on many types of government data.

Source: Verhulst and Caplan 2015. Open Data: A Twenty-First-Century Asset for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises.” The GovLab. The GovLab. Used with permission of The GovLab.

The dataset includes average revenue per user per GB (% of GNI per capita) and GB usage per month in 21 countries. There are 25 data points with 4 duplicates due to countries with multiple telecommunication companies considered.

Figure Note: Each circle represents a country. GB = gigabyte; GNI = gross national income.

The dataset includes average data consumption (GB per capita per month) by income group and region for 2018.

Panel a. By country income group

Panel b. By region

Figure Note: Data are for 2018. Figures include averages of 119 economies with data. GB = gigabytes.

The dataset includes data infrastructure electricity consumption (in Terawatt-hours) and greenhouse gas emissions from data infrastructure (from software, IT and telecommunication services) in tCO2e (millions). % of world total is also included for both. Data is from 2015 to 2018.

Panel a. Electricity consumption (Terawatt-hours)

Panel b. Greenhouse gas emissions from data infrastructure in tCO2e (millions)

Figure Note: Data were derived from environmental reports of companies accounting for 90 percent of data traffic.
IT = information technology; tCO2e= tonnes...

The dataset includes global weather data on surface temperature measured on December 14, 2020. Dataset includes information on location, longitude, latitude, color code (for availability of surface land observations), and weather center.

Map Note: Snapshot of World Meteorological Organization Integrated Global Observing System interactive map showing observations of surface temperature measured on a typical day (December 14) in 2020. NWP = numerical weather prediction; OSCAR = Observing Systems Capability Analysis and Review Tool.

The dataset includes the percentage of countries with data infrastructure (internet exchange points, colocation data centers, cloud on-ramps) across income groups as of June 2020.

Figure Note: The figure depicts data centers connected to the internet. Data were extracted in June 2020.

The dataset includes median data cost for 1GB (% of GNI per capita) across income groups for 2018.

Figure Note: Data are as of 2018. The affordability threshold is 2 percent of monthly income. Prices are the median prices of the economies in the group. GNI = gross national income.

The dataset includes the prevalence (in %) of female genital mutilation in 28 countries. The year which each data point corresponds to differs per country.

Note: FGM = female genital mutilation; UNICEF = United Nations Children’s Fund.

The dataset includes DSSI-eligible countries’ bilateral debt (as % of bilateral debt) and composition of creditors on 2013 and 2019.

Figure Note: For more information, see “What Is the External Debt Reporting System (DRS)?” World Bank, Washington, DC.
DSSI = Debt Service Suspension Initiative.

The dataset includes IT jobs data as in panels a and b. It has net flow (per 10,000 workers) and mean earnings (US$) across income groups.

Panel a: Net flow of workers with disruptive technology skills

Panel b: Mean nominal monthly earnings of ICT employees

Figure Note: According to LinkedIn dataset classification, “disruptive technology skills” include knowledge and skills in areas of materials science, aerospace engineering, development tools, data science, robotics, artificial intelligence, human computer interaction, genetic engineering, nanotechnology, and fintech...

Figure 3.6 shows the concentration of Internet traffic in low- and middle-income countries in several US-based firms. Specifically, Figure 3.6a focuses on the share of global internet traffic in six firms. "Others” refers to file sharing, marketplace, security, and virtual private network (VPN) messaging, as well as cloud and audio streaming.

Main Source:
Sandvine. 2019. “The Mobile Internet Phenomena Report, February 2019.” Sandvine, Fremont, CA.

Panel a. NSO independence and statistical performance
Panel b. Freedom of the press and statistical performance
Main sources:
NSO independence score: Mo Ibrahim Foundation, Ibrahim Index of African Governance (database).
World Press Freedom Index: Reporters without Borders, 2020 World Press Freedom Index (database).
Statistical Performance Indicators (SPI).
Statistical Performance Index.

The Panels show the relation between the age of statistical laws (years) and statistical performance and openness of data.
Panel a. Statistical performance (Statistical Performance Index)
Panel b. The openness of data (ODIN overall score)
Main Sources:
Open Data Inventory (ODIN), see Open Data Watch.
Statistical Performance Indicators (SPI)
UNSTATS (Statistics Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations).
Partnership in Statistics for Development in the 21st Century (PARIS21).
World Bank, World Development Indicators (...

The figure shows the share of countries (%) classified by income group, region, and FCS status that use comparable poverty data points. According to the assessment of the Open Data Inventory, 40 percent of countries in Sub-Saharan Africa have at least three comparable estimates of extreme poverty.
Note: Only those economies with at least one international poverty estimate are included. FCS status refers to the World Bank’s “Classification of Fragile and Conflict-Affected Situations”.
Main Source: PovcalNet is an interactive computational tool that allows you to replicate the...

Gaps in sex-disaggregated data related to the COVID-19 pandemic are pervasive, causing knowledge of the gender impacts of the pandemic to be incomplete.
In March 2020, only 61 percent of reported COVID-19 cases were disaggregated by sex, and these data were provided by 26 countries. By November 2020, reporting had grown to 80 countries, but the proportion still stood at 60 percent. The reporting was irregular throughout 2020.

Main Sources:
Global Health 50/50, University College London, COVID-19 Sex-Disaggregated Data Tracker (database).
Global Change Data Lab,...

The dataset includes data on ICT graduates by gender (as a percentage of total graduates) and ICT professionals by income group (as a percentage of total professionals).

Panel a: ICT graduates, by gender

Panel b: ICT professionals, by country income group

Figure Note: For ICT graduates, panel a presents the latest available data between 2015 and 2018 for 120 economies. For ICT professionals, panel b plots the latest available data between 2016 and 2019 for 73 economies. Country income group percentages are collective country averages. ICT = information and...

The dataset includes responses to a survey conducted in the below countries. The reasons to why respondents can't access the internet (due to digital literacy, affordability, relevance, other) are presented as share of respondents (%).

Figure Note: Respondents to the survey conducted for this Report had access to internet service. Responses to the digital literacy category included “Do not know what internet is” and “Do not know how to use internet.” Responses to the affordability category included “No access device” and “Too expensive.” Responses to the relevance category included...

The datasets include data on (Figure 5.2) number of broadband subscriptions per 100 persons (wireless and fixed), (Figure 5.3) wireless coverage usage gaps (as a share of population, by region and globally), and (Figure 5.4) global coverage of internet service (2G, 3G, 4G).

Figure 5.2 The developing world overwhelmingly accesses data using wireless networks

Figure 5.3 Gaps in 3G wireless broadband internet coverage have been shrinking, but usage gaps remain stubbornly high

Figure 5.4 Globally, the coverage of wireless technologies reflects their constant upgrading

The Global Open Data Index of the Open Knowledge Foundation assesses the availability and openness of three such geospatial datasets in 94 countries:
administrative boundaries, addresses and locations, and national maps. The assessment reveals that all three datasets are often incomplete in lower-income
countries.

Main Source:
Open Knowledge Foundation, GODI (Global Open Data Index) (database).

The dataset includes data on AI specialists location of employment (%) and location where undergraduate degree was earned (%), globally.

Panel a: Location of employment (%)

Panel b: Location of study (%)

Figure Note: Country affiliations are based in panel a on the headquarters of institutions in which researchers currently work and in panel b on the country in which researchers received their undergraduate degree.

The dataset includes data on network coverage (in percentage) types 2G, 3G, and 4G, across farm size (in hectares) all over the world.

Map 4.2 Agricultural extension services can be tailored to the slower, older broadband internet accessible to many small-scale farmers

Figure 4.1 Gaps in network coverage differ across farm sizes, affecting agricultural extension services

Data from the population census were combined with household survey data and administrative data to create detailed maps of poverty and deprivations.

Main Source:
Government of Croatia: Household survey data and administrative data.

The dataset includes data on number of adults without an account (in millions) in countries all over the world during 2017.

Globally, 1.7 billion adults lacked a formal financial account in 2017

Map Note: Data are not displayed for economies in which the share of adults without an account is 5 percent or less.

The map shows worldwide Colocation data centers, Internet Exchange Points, Submarine cable landing stations, and Submarine Cables
Main Source:
https://maps.worldbank.org/?layers=infra34156,infra38&transparencies=0.3,0&infraToolkit=global&zoom=3&lng=-54.14062499999999&lat=3.214889317245486

Note: The source does not include colocation data centers as the information is not...

The dataset includes data on smartphone users' time spent at home in Jakarta during February to November 2020. Data includes wealth class, mean and standard error of the mean.

Figure Note: Figure shows the changes in the time users spent at home from February 1 to November 15, 2020, relative to the baseline period. PSBB = Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (large-scale social restrictions).