This dataset is constructed to analyze the cross-country relationships of different types of public policies and support to the agrifood sector with the consumption patterns of different food commodities. It includes agricultural policy indicators and daily food consumption data spanning 49 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) countries from 1986 to 2022. The dataset is compiled from three key sources: (i) the 2022 Global Dietary Database (GDD); (ii) the OECD Agricultural Policy Indicators database; and (iii) the Agrimonitor database from the IDB. Details on the dataset and the descriptions of the variables are provided in Appendices A-C of Reshaping the Agrifood Sector for Healthier Diets: Exploring the Links between Agrifood Public Support and Diet Quality (World Bank, 2024) and the included README file.