This study is a stratified cluster-randomised trial (CRT) designed to test Sugira Muryango’s effects on promoting early childhood development (ECD) and preventing violence among families receiving the VUP social protection. The data collection for the study took place between January 2018 and September 2019. The trial was conducted within the Nyanza, Ngoma, and Rubavu districts with existing VUP programmes, selected to minimize the overlap with ECD interventions by government or nongovernmental organizations. All families in this study were eligible for one of two versions of the VUP programme: classic public works (cPW), which provides cash for (typically hard) manual labour; or the newer expanded public works (ePW), which provides cash for (typically lighter) labour and also provides access to livestock. Sugira Muryango, a 12-module coaching-based parenting intervention for vulnerable families (Ubudehe 1, the most extreme level of poverty) with children aged 6-36 months in Rwanda. Sugira Muryango is designed to: 1) Increase positive parent-child interactions with both male and female caregivers; 2) Reduce intimate partner violence and harsh discipline in the home; 3) Strengthen families through conflict resolution and shared decision making; 4) Improve caregiver mental health through emotion regulation and problem solving/executive function skill building; and, 5) Improve child health via care-seeking, hygiene and improved dietary diversity.