Globally, tuberculosis (TB) affects some 8.7 million people. Women and children in the developing world are particularly vulnerable. The disease has high mortality rates, but even for survivors, the consequences can be debilitating, with long-term health consequences. Highly effective treatments are free and available to patients in developing countries, but many of those infected with TB are neither diagnosed nor in treatment. The under-detection of TB represents a key challenge for health officials in developing countries because identifying those who have the disease is crucial to the success of any treatment program.