The main objective of this activity is to shed light on the transformative potential of smallholder irrigation in Mozambique. Irrigation is critical in ensuring sustainable livelihoods for farmers in the face of increasing climate uncertainty. Irrigation access allows farmers to cultivate crops outside of the main rainy season, potentially doubling farm incomes by allowing for the cultivation of two crop cycles instead of one. However, it is grossly underutilized in Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Mozambique where only 8 percent of all farmers have access to irrigation. Despite the transformative potential of irrigation, there are gaps in our understanding of how-to best plan and manage irrigation infrastructure programs. First, because irrigation infrastructure is never placed at random, the true impact of these investments on farmers’ welfare is not well known. Second, irrigation equipment is often not well managed and degrades easily over time from lack of maintenance. This impact evaluation proposes a novel strategy for simultaneously measuring a rigorous estimate of the returns to irrigation investments, as well as providing insight on how to choose participants of an irrigation infrastructure program such that the impact and sustainability of the irrigation infrastructure is maximized.