The Government of Madagascar (GOM), through the Ministry of Population, Social Protection and Promotion of Women (MPSPPW) and the Social Development Fund (FID) is implementing a Human Development Cash Transfer (HDCT) program in partnership with the World Bank (WB). The program targets selected geographical areas and provides bi-monthly cash transfers to extreme poor households (bottom 30th percentile in the income distribution) with children through primary school age (0-10 years). The cash transfer is designed to provide both short-term income support and to leverage longer-term family investments in children’s human development, notably core elements of early childhood development, nutrition and formal education. A portion of the cash transfer is conditioned on regular primary school attendance while an unconditional transfer coupled with encouragement to attend child nutrition and development sessions is provided for households with younger children not yet in primary school. The cash transfer also accompanies various community leader-led informational modules on family well-being, health, nutrition, and sanitation. ideas42 is partnering with the World Bank’s Madagascar Social Protection Team to support the GOM in designing and implementing a rigorous impact evaluation that meets its policy needs by clarifying the effectiveness of the HDCT program. An important focus of the evaluation is in piloting certain community participation, behavioral science, and motivational interventions that may improve the effectiveness of the program and help guide its ultimate scalability.