Name: Agricultural Capital Revisited
Creator: World Bank Group

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The World Development Report 2022: Finance for an Equitable Recovery examines the central role of finance in the economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. In doing so, it looks into the consequences of the crisis most likely to affect emerging economies and proposes a set of policies to mitigate the interconnected financial risks stemming from the pandemic and to steer economies toward a sustainable and equitable recovery. The data used in the WDR2022 are curated as a collection here.

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Capital is a fundamental component of agricultural production, and the accumulation of capital is key to growth in agriculture and the process of development.   Unfortunately, cross-country data sets on agricultural fixed capital are rare. Using a common methodology that allows comparisons across countries, as well as over time, this paper introduces a data series on fixed capital in agriculture, based on national accounts data. The fixed capital measure differs remarkably from the Food and Agriculture Organization's data series on tractors, which has been widely utilized as a proxy for agricultural fixed capital. The authors construct comparable measures of capital in livestock and tree stock. They examine the evolution of the capital stocks from 1970 to 2000, paying particular attention to the changing composition of agricultural capital, as well as differences in the accumulation of capital for high-income and middle and lower-income countries. Using the capital measures in agricultural productivity analyses, the data yield estimated input elasticities substantially different from those found previously in the literature. The authors show explicitly that this is due to the improved data set on agricultural capital stocks, as well as the methodology used in the study.

Working paper

Three components of agricultural capital are presented for 30 countries for 1967 to 2000: (i) fixed capital in agriculture; (ii) livestock capita; and (iii) tree-stock capital.  
We construct the fixed-capital series based on national account investment data, using a modification of the perpetual inventory method. The method requires integration of the investment data to obtain capital stocks. For livestock the initial data are the number of animals. We need only calculate the values of the individual herds and then aggregate these values to obtain the total for the full stock of animals. For treestock we use the estimated present value of future income derived from the area planted in orchards.



Dataset

World

We construct the fixed-capital series based on national account investment data, using a modification of the perpetual inventory method. The method requires integration of the investment data to obtain capital stocks. For livestock the initial data are the number of animals. We need only calculate the values of the individual herds and then aggregate these values to obtain the total for the full stock of animals. For tree stock we use the estimated resent value of future income derived from the area planted in orchards. Three components of agricultural capital are presented for 30 countries for 1967 to 2000: fixed capital in agriculture, livestock capital, and tree-stock capital.

Agricultural Capital Revisited

Metadata